MySQL命令窗口中文乱码或插入中文数据失败的解决办法

在Windwos上使用命令窗口操作MySQL数据库时，如果命令窗口的字符编码与数据库不一致时，就会出现中文乱码的情况

比如查询会出现中文乱码，或者插入数据会出现错误“ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: 'xD5xC5xC8xFD' for column 'name' at row 1”

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: 'xD5xC5xC8xFD' for column 'name' at row 1

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+| id | name     | gender | age | updated_time        |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+|  1 | zhangsan | M      |  22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |
|  2 | 寮犱笁     | 鐢?    |  22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这时可以先查看下环境编码配置，我的是utf8，结果是下面这样

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| character_set_client     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.5sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看windwos命令窗口的的属性可知，编码格式为GBK且不能更改

这时我们可以使用“set names gbk;”来指定客户端发送给mysql语句时的编码格式，并且可以看到client、connection、results三个变量的编码格式变为了gbk，其它的没有变化

mysql> set names gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.5sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再次执行下插入操作没问题了，查询数据中文也不会乱码了

mysql> insert into user(name,gender,age) values('张三','男',22);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+| id | name     | gender | age | updated_time        |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+|  1 | zhangsan | M      |  22 | 2018-10-31 17:03:25 |
|  2 | 张三         | 男       |  22 | 2018-11-01 09:01:43 |
+----+----------+--------+-----+---------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)